{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2023-22490", "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M", "dateReserved": "2022-12-29T17:41:28.089Z", "datePublished": "2023-02-14T19:47:56.863Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-08T21:14:06.502Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"title": "Git vulnerable to local clone-based data exfiltration with non-local transports", "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-59", "lang": "en", "description": "CWE-59: Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')", "type": "CWE"}]}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1"}}], "references": [{"name": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q", "tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q"}, {"name": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85", "tags": ["x_refsource_MISC"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85"}, {"name": "https://github.com/git/git/commit/c867e4fa180bec4750e9b54eb10f459030dbebfd", "tags": ["x_refsource_MISC"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/commit/c867e4fa180bec4750e9b54eb10f459030dbebfd"}, {"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-15"}], "affected": [{"vendor": "git", "product": "git", "versions": [{"version": ">= 2.39.0, < 2.39.2", "status": "affected"}, {"version": ">= 2.38.0, < 2.38.4", "status": "affected"}, {"version": ">= 2.37.0, < 2.37.6", "status": "affected"}, {"version": ">= 2.36.0, < 2.36.5", "status": "affected"}, {"version": ">= 2.35.0, < 2.35.7", "status": "affected"}, {"version": ">= 2.34.0, < 2.34.7", "status": "affected"}, {"version": ">= 2.33.0, < 2.33.7", "status": "affected"}, {"version": ">= 2.32.0, < 2.32.6", "status": "affected"}, {"version": ">= 2.31.0, < 2.31.7", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "< 2.30.8", "status": "affected"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa", "shortName": "GitHub_M", "dateUpdated": "2023-12-27T10:06:20.603Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Git is a revision control system. Using a specially-crafted repository, Git prior to versions 2.39.2, 2.38.4, 2.37.6, 2.36.5, 2.35.7, 2.34.7, 2.33.7, 2.32.6, 2.31.7, and 2.30.8 can be tricked into using its local clone optimization even when using a non-local transport. Though Git will abort local clones whose source `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory contains symbolic links, the `objects` directory itself may still be a symbolic link. These two may be combined to include arbitrary files based on known paths on the victim's filesystem within the malicious repository's working copy, allowing for data exfiltration in a similar manner as CVE-2022-39253.\n\nA fix has been prepared and will appear in v2.39.2 v2.38.4 v2.37.6 v2.36.5 v2.35.7 v2.34.7 v2.33.7 v2.32.6, v2.31.7 and v2.30.8. If upgrading is impractical, two short-term workarounds are available. Avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources with `--recurse-submodules`. Instead, consider cloning repositories without recursively cloning their submodules, and instead run `git submodule update` at each layer. Before doing so, inspect each new `.gitmodules` file to ensure that it does not contain suspicious module URLs."}], "source": {"advisory": "GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q", "discovery": "UNKNOWN"}}, "adp": [{"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T10:13:48.515Z"}, "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"name": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q", "tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q"}, {"name": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85", "tags": ["x_refsource_MISC", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85"}, {"name": "https://github.com/git/git/commit/c867e4fa180bec4750e9b54eb10f459030dbebfd", "tags": ["x_refsource_MISC", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/commit/c867e4fa180bec4750e9b54eb10f459030dbebfd"}, {"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-15", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}]}, {"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2023-22490", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-08T21:12:31.095732Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-08T21:14:06.502Z"}}]}}

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "containers": {"adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q", "name": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q", "tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85", "name": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85", "tags": ["x_refsource_MISC", "x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/git/git/commit/c867e4fa180bec4750e9b54eb10f459030dbebfd", "name": "https://github.com/git/git/commit/c867e4fa180bec4750e9b54eb10f459030dbebfd", "tags": ["x_refsource_MISC", "x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-15", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T10:13:48.515Z"}}, {"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2023-22490", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-08T21:12:31.095732Z"}}}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-08T21:12:31.549Z"}}], "cna": {"title": "Git vulnerable to local clone-based data exfiltration with non-local transports", "source": {"advisory": "GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q", "discovery": "UNKNOWN"}, "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"scope": "UNCHANGED", "version": "3.1", "baseScore": 5.5, "attackVector": "LOCAL", "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"}}], "affected": [{"vendor": "git", "product": "git", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.39.0, < 2.39.2"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.38.0, < 2.38.4"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.37.0, < 2.37.6"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.36.0, < 2.36.5"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.35.0, < 2.35.7"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.34.0, < 2.34.7"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.33.0, < 2.33.7"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.32.0, < 2.32.6"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.31.0, < 2.31.7"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "< 2.30.8"}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q", "name": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q", "tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85", "name": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85", "tags": ["x_refsource_MISC"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/git/git/commit/c867e4fa180bec4750e9b54eb10f459030dbebfd", "name": "https://github.com/git/git/commit/c867e4fa180bec4750e9b54eb10f459030dbebfd", "tags": ["x_refsource_MISC"]}, {"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-15"}], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Git is a revision control system. Using a specially-crafted repository, Git prior to versions 2.39.2, 2.38.4, 2.37.6, 2.36.5, 2.35.7, 2.34.7, 2.33.7, 2.32.6, 2.31.7, and 2.30.8 can be tricked into using its local clone optimization even when using a non-local transport. Though Git will abort local clones whose source `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory contains symbolic links, the `objects` directory itself may still be a symbolic link. These two may be combined to include arbitrary files based on known paths on the victim's filesystem within the malicious repository's working copy, allowing for data exfiltration in a similar manner as CVE-2022-39253.\n\nA fix has been prepared and will appear in v2.39.2 v2.38.4 v2.37.6 v2.36.5 v2.35.7 v2.34.7 v2.33.7 v2.32.6, v2.31.7 and v2.30.8. If upgrading is impractical, two short-term workarounds are available. Avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources with `--recurse-submodules`. Instead, consider cloning repositories without recursively cloning their submodules, and instead run `git submodule update` at each layer. Before doing so, inspect each new `.gitmodules` file to ensure that it does not contain suspicious module URLs."}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-59", "description": "CWE-59: Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa", "shortName": "GitHub_M", "dateUpdated": "2023-12-27T10:06:20.603Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2023-22490", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-08T21:14:06.502Z", "dateReserved": "2022-12-29T17:41:28.089Z", "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa", "datePublished": "2023-02-14T19:47:56.863Z", "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"product": "git", "vendor": "git", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.39.0, < 2.39.2"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.38.0, < 2.38.4"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.37.0, < 2.37.6"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.36.0, < 2.36.5"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.35.0, < 2.35.7"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.34.0, < 2.34.7"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.33.0, < 2.33.7"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.32.0, < 2.32.6"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 2.31.0, < 2.31.7"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "< 2.30.8"}]}], "source": "security-advisories@github.com"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:git-scm:git:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "A79D6A15-AE40-4F6C-AA1F-87C902373343", "versionEndExcluding": "2.30.8", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:git-scm:git:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "D60B37A3-4B8C-4BC2-95E9-5E63EDAEBA3A", "versionEndExcluding": "2.31.7", "versionStartIncluding": "2.31.0", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:git-scm:git:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "E699ED14-3B80-4C04-AAA0-549F48581D66", "versionEndExcluding": "2.32.6", "versionStartIncluding": "2.32.0", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:git-scm:git:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "804BE43B-E2AF-4EC8-BF8B-C292EBC4D265", "versionEndExcluding": "2.33.7", "versionStartIncluding": "2.33.0", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:git-scm:git:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "098C9D07-94CD-4C87-9268-20ED94BBBE12", "versionEndExcluding": "2.34.7", "versionStartIncluding": "2.34.0", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:git-scm:git:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "1870DF30-7795-4594-8523-DC587B60FB74", "versionEndExcluding": "2.35.7", "versionStartIncluding": "2.35.0", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:git-scm:git:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "0588D372-41D2-442E-976E-6B24DB1A1EC6", "versionEndExcluding": "2.36.5", "versionStartIncluding": "2.36.0", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:git-scm:git:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "DDF24A4B-BC6D-499D-A0B2-2F90C691F963", "versionEndExcluding": "2.37.6", "versionStartIncluding": "2.37.0", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:git-scm:git:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "E7E6A7FF-F1E2-4099-9102-65F68AA42E1B", "versionEndExcluding": "2.38.4", "versionStartIncluding": "2.38.0", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:git-scm:git:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "52B03913-E564-4AE0-9F2E-BEAEEA13C85A", "versionEndExcluding": "2.39.2", "versionStartIncluding": "2.39.0", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Git is a revision control system. Using a specially-crafted repository, Git prior to versions 2.39.2, 2.38.4, 2.37.6, 2.36.5, 2.35.7, 2.34.7, 2.33.7, 2.32.6, 2.31.7, and 2.30.8 can be tricked into using its local clone optimization even when using a non-local transport. Though Git will abort local clones whose source `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory contains symbolic links, the `objects` directory itself may still be a symbolic link. These two may be combined to include arbitrary files based on known paths on the victim's filesystem within the malicious repository's working copy, allowing for data exfiltration in a similar manner as CVE-2022-39253.\n\nA fix has been prepared and will appear in v2.39.2 v2.38.4 v2.37.6 v2.36.5 v2.35.7 v2.34.7 v2.33.7 v2.32.6, v2.31.7 and v2.30.8. If upgrading is impractical, two short-term workarounds are available. Avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources with `--recurse-submodules`. Instead, consider cloning repositories without recursively cloning their submodules, and instead run `git submodule update` at each layer. Before doing so, inspect each new `.gitmodules` file to ensure that it does not contain suspicious module URLs."}], "id": "CVE-2023-22490", "lastModified": "2026-10-08T22:17:22.817", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "security-advisories@github.com", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2023-22490", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-08T21:12:31.095732Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2023-02-14T20:15:16.683", "references": [{"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/commit/c867e4fa180bec4750e9b54eb10f459030dbebfd"}, {"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85"}, {"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q"}, {"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-15"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/commit/c867e4fa180bec4750e9b54eb10f459030dbebfd"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-15"}], "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-59"}], "source": "security-advisories@github.com", "type": "Secondary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-59"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"affected_release": [{"advisory": "RHSA-2023:3246", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "package": "git-0:2.39.3-1.el8_8", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8", "release_date": "2023-05-22T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2024:0407", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:8.6", "package": "git-0:2.31.8-1.el8_6", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support", "release_date": "2024-01-25T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:3245", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "package": "git-0:2.39.3-1.el9_2", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9", "release_date": "2023-05-22T00:00:00Z"}], "bugzilla": {"description": "git: data exfiltration with maliciously crafted repository", "id": "2168160", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2168160"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "status": "verified"}, "cwe": "CWE-402", "details": ["Git is a revision control system. Using a specially-crafted repository, Git prior to versions 2.39.2, 2.38.4, 2.37.6, 2.36.5, 2.35.7, 2.34.7, 2.33.7, 2.32.6, 2.31.7, and 2.30.8 can be tricked into using its local clone optimization even when using a non-local transport. Though Git will abort local clones whose source `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory contains symbolic links, the `objects` directory itself may still be a symbolic link. These two may be combined to include arbitrary files based on known paths on the victim's filesystem within the malicious repository's working copy, allowing for data exfiltration in a similar manner as CVE-2022-39253.\nA fix has been prepared and will appear in v2.39.2 v2.38.4 v2.37.6 v2.36.5 v2.35.7 v2.34.7 v2.33.7 v2.32.6, v2.31.7 and v2.30.8. If upgrading is impractical, two short-term workarounds are available. Avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources with `--recurse-submodules`. Instead, consider cloning repositories without recursively cloning their submodules, and instead run `git submodule update` at each layer. Before doing so, inspect each new `.gitmodules` file to ensure that it does not contain suspicious module URLs.", "A vulnerability was found in Git. Using a specially-crafted repository, Git can be tricked into using its local clone optimization even when using a non-local transport. Though Git will abort local clones whose source $GIT_DIR/objects directory contains symbolic links (CVE-2022-39253), the objects directory may still be a symbolic link."], "mitigation": {"lang": "en:us", "value": "- Avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources with --recurse-submodules.\n- Instead, consider cloning repositories without recursively cloning their submodules, and instead run git submodule update at each layer. Before doing so, inspect each new .gitmodules file to ensure that it does not contain suspicious module URLs."}, "name": "CVE-2023-22490", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "git", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "git", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:7", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "git", "product_name": "Red Hat JBoss Data Grid 7"}], "public_date": "2023-02-14T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-22490\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22490\nhttps://github.blog/2023-02-14-git-security-vulnerabilities-announced-3/\nhttps://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-gw92-x3fm-3g3q"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{}